C is a imperative procedural language widely used in system programming due its huge portability (C compilers are available through a great quantity of platforms) and its ability to allow programmers to write very efficient implementations. The language provides a complete support of memory management and its language constructs maps efficiently to the underlying Instruction Set Architecture (\ie C is a low-level programming language).

C++ is a general-purpose programming language with object-oriented programming features. It is available in a great quantity of platforms which allow C++ programs to be portable across different architectures. C++ shares with the C language most of the syntax and its memory management features (\ie static-, dynamic- and automatic- storage duration objects plus the thread local storage objects).

Fortran is a general-purpose programming language still quite used in scientific computing and very popular in high-performance computing. Its name derive from FORmula TRANslation, which gives an idea of the initial target of the language. Although the multiple variants that exists of this language their main features can be summarized by its modularity and its intrinsic support of array operations.

Python is an interpreted, high-level, general-purpose programming language. It is dynamically typed and garbage-collected. It supports multiple programming paradigms, including procedural, object-oriented, and functional programming. Python’s design philosophy emphasizes code readability, and aims to help programmers write clear, logical code for small and large-scale projects. CPython is the open-source reference implementation of the Python programming language.